There are over 4000 years before Christ the domination of agricultural techniques allowed the emergence of various civilizations around the world. In the northeast extreme of Africa, in a region features desert, the Egyptian civilization flourished thanks to the abundant water resources and fertile lands which were located on the banks of the Nile.
The water cycle in this region promoted the regular overflow of the river that, during the dry season, left a rich organic material on the surface of their lands. Noticing this change, the Egyptians were able to develop a thriving civilization that expanded thanks to the bountiful harvests. Thus, we have defined the process of development and expansion of the Egyptians.
Politically, the Egyptians were organized through the formation of the nomes. The nomes were small portions of the Egyptian territory administered by a nomarch. Later times, these various nomes were centralized under the power of an emperor. In the year 3200 BC, Menes, the ruler of Upper Egypt, promoted the subordination of 42 nomes, initiating the Egyptian Empire.
Egyptian society was organized by religious and economic criteria. The Pharaoh held the top of this hierarchy in the condition of head of state and incarnation of the god Horus. Just below, we have priests as agents organizers of cults and religious festivities. The nobles and scribes occupied an intermediate position performing important tasks that kept the functioning of the state.
The basis of this society still had the soldiers, who were backed by the government and guaranteed the hegemony of pharaonic power through weapons. Just below, the peasants and handicraftsmen who worked on the crops and the organization of public works necessary for agricultural and trading development. Finally, there was a small portion of slaves who were also subordinate to the Pharaoh.
Besides being able to prosper economically by the rigid control of agricultural production, we note that the Egyptians also produced knowledge in varied fields. The architecture, medicine and astronomy are considered as the most interesting facets of the Egyptian scientific legacy. We should stress also the writing, which was organized by complex systems of symbols and codes.
The water cycle in this region promoted the regular overflow of the river that, during the dry season, left a rich organic material on the surface of their lands. Noticing this change, the Egyptians were able to develop a thriving civilization that expanded thanks to the bountiful harvests. Thus, we have defined the process of development and expansion of the Egyptians.
Politically, the Egyptians were organized through the formation of the nomes. The nomes were small portions of the Egyptian territory administered by a nomarch. Later times, these various nomes were centralized under the power of an emperor. In the year 3200 BC, Menes, the ruler of Upper Egypt, promoted the subordination of 42 nomes, initiating the Egyptian Empire.
Egyptian society was organized by religious and economic criteria. The Pharaoh held the top of this hierarchy in the condition of head of state and incarnation of the god Horus. Just below, we have priests as agents organizers of cults and religious festivities. The nobles and scribes occupied an intermediate position performing important tasks that kept the functioning of the state.
The basis of this society still had the soldiers, who were backed by the government and guaranteed the hegemony of pharaonic power through weapons. Just below, the peasants and handicraftsmen who worked on the crops and the organization of public works necessary for agricultural and trading development. Finally, there was a small portion of slaves who were also subordinate to the Pharaoh.
Besides being able to prosper economically by the rigid control of agricultural production, we note that the Egyptians also produced knowledge in varied fields. The architecture, medicine and astronomy are considered as the most interesting facets of the Egyptian scientific legacy. We should stress also the writing, which was organized by complex systems of symbols and codes.
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